Historical Facts

 
Moroccan Sahara Chronology
- 1884 : Begining of the Spanish colonization. 
- 1957-1958 : The fight against Spain of the Moroccan liberation army is reprimanded by a French-Spanish operation called “Ecouvillon”. 


- 1965 : Morocco introduces the Sahara question to the United Nations General assembly which adopts its first resolution , calling for the freedom of this territory. 


- 1966 : For the first time, the General Assembly anticipates self-determination in the so-called Western Sahara through a referrundum. 


- 20 August 1974 : Spain announces its intention to organize a referundum during the first semester of 1975.Morocco refuted the idea of the independance being the sole option. 


- 13 December 1974 : The General assembly asks the CIJ to give a consultative view concerning some judicial aspects in relationship with the territoryís status when the latter was colonized by the spanish to postpone the referundum


- 8 May - 2 june 1975 : A special mission of the U. N is sent by the special committee of the “24” to the so-called Western Sahara as well as to Morocco , Spain, Algeria and Mauritania. 


- 16 October 1975 : The “CIJ”gives the consultative wiew asked for by the the General Assembly. This view concludes in the following terms :


- Some elements and information known to the court show the existence, at the moment of the Spanish colonization , judicial ties of alleagence between the king of Morocco and the tribes that were settling on the so-called Western Sahara Territory. The same day, his Majesty the King Hassan II annouces a pacific march to the so-called Western Sahara, baptised “Green March”. 


- 6 to 9 November 1975 : In this March, walkers of 350.000 persons penetrated in the Moroccan Sahara. 


- 14 November 1975 : In Madrid, Spain signed the “Madrid Agreement” with Morocco and Mauritania. This agreement purposed to the transfer of administrative powers of the so-called Western Sahara to a three party administration divided between Morocco, Spain and Mauritania, which should be instaured for a transitory period and which expires with the end of the Spanish existence on the territory, that is to say on February 28 th , 1976. 


- 10 December 1975 : The United Nations General assembly adopts two resolutions on the so-called the Western Sahara. 


- 12 January 1976 : The last Spanish soldiers leave the so-called Western Sahara. 


- 26 February 1976 : The end of the Spanish presence of the so-called Western Shara. - 27 February 1976 : The “RASD” proclamation at Bir Lahlou. 


- 14 April 1976 : Morocco signs an agreement with Mauritania to share the so-called Western Sahara. 


- 5 August 1979 : In Algeria, Mauritania signs a peace agreement with the Polisario, renouncing to its part of the so-called Western Sahara. 


- 14 August 1979 : Morocco recovers Oued Eddahab province. 


- 26 June 1981 : During the Sommet of the Afgricain unity Organization, held in Nairobi, His Majesty the Kin Hassan II calls for the organization of a referundum in the so-called Western Sahara. 


- 11 June 1989 : The 19 th sommet of the A.U.O adopts, in Addis Abeba, the Resolution AHG/RES 104 (XIX), in relationship with the Sahara. 


- 12 November 1984 : Morocco draws back from the organization of the Africain Unity to protest against the admittance of the “RASD” in the Aficain Unity. 


- 19 and 21 July 1985 : The U.N Secretary General, Perez Decuellar, comes to Morocco to converse with his majesty the King. Hassan II. 


- 2 December 1985 : The U.N General Assembly adopts the 40/50 resolution concerning the so-called Western Sahara. It invited the president of the africain Unity Organization and the U. N Secretary General to do their best to induce both Morocco and the Polisario for negociating in accordance with the resolution AHG/RES, 104(XIX) and the present resolution, as well as the conditions for ceasefire and the modalities to organize the referundum . 


- 9 to 14 April 1986 : The United Nations secretary general organizes a series of preliminary contacts in New York, where he separately met with representatives of Morocco and Polisario, as well as with permanent representatives of algeria and Mauritania, as being observers of the mediation process led by the United Nationsí secretary general. 


- 7 to 8 May 1986 : The United Nationsí secretary general made a second series of separate contacts with representatives of Morocco and Polisario, besides representatives of Algeria and Mauritania. 


- 15 to 16 July 1986 : The United Nationsí secretary general goes ahead in the accomplishment of his mandate concerning tne so called Western Sahara, through a two days official visit he made to Morocco. 


- 28 January and 3 February 1987 : The United Nationsí secretary general meets the secretary general of the Polisario Front. 


- 16 to 23 June 1987 : A United Nationís mission, led by Mr. Abdulrahim A. Farrah, secretary general assistant, in charge of special political questions, goes to Congo, Morocco and Algeria to discuss the Western Sahara question with Denis Sassou Nguesso, President of Congo (who was presiding over AUO at the time), with HIS MAJESTY KING HASSAN II and with the Polisario secretary general. 


- 9 to 10 July 1987 : The United Nationsí secretary general discusses, in Geneva, the Western Sahara file with the President of Congo, Mr. Denis Sassou Nguesso and with representatives of Morocco and Polisario. 


- 20 November to 9 December 1987 : A United Nationsí technical delegation, including people working for the AUO, and led by Mr. Abdulrahim A. Ferrah, secretary general assistant, in charge of special political questions, goes for a visit through Western sahara, Morocco, Mauritania and Algeria. 


- 9 to 10 April 1988 : The United Nationsí secretary general meets, in Brussels, with Kenneth kaunda, The President of Zambia, who was presiding over the AUO at that time, and talked about the possible issues to propose to the two parties involved in the conflict. 


- 13 to 15 April 1988 : Mr.Abdulrahim A. Ferrah, secretary general assistant, in charge of special political questions, and Mr. Issa Diallo, secretary general Special assistant, accompany Mr. Kenneth kaunda, The President of Zambia, through a visit to Morocco and Algeria. 


- 2 to 4 May 1988 : The United Nationsí secretary general meets HIS MAJESTY KING HASSAN II, within the framework of an official visit to Morocco. 


- 23 May 1988 : The United Nationsí secretary general attends the AUO summit in Addis Abbeba and talks to the Polisario secretary general, to the ex-AUO President, Kenneth Kaunda, and finally to the newly appointed AUO President, Mr. Moussa Traore, from Mali. 


- 11 to 12 June 1988 : A delegation of people originating from southern provinces meets, in Taif, in Saudia Arabia, members of the Polisario Front. 


- 11 August 1988 : The United Nationsí secretary general presents, in New York, in the presence of the minister of Foreign Affairs of Mali, a peace proposal, calling for a referendum to be held. This proposal was presented to the Moroccan Minister of Foreign affairs and to the representative of the Polisario Front, in virtue of the mandate confered by the general assembly in its resolution 40/50, dated december 2nd, 1985. 


The United Nationsí secretary general believes that this proposal is a “compromise which will surelu facilitate a fair and everlasting settlment of the Western sahara question”. The parties involved in the conflict are invited to accept this plan before september 1st to enable the peace process to be launched and the referendum to be held the soonest possible. 


- 30 August 1988 : The two parties agree upon the peace proposal. 


- 20 September 1988 : The Security council adopts the 621 resolution (1988), through which it allows the United Nationsí secretary general to appoint a special representative for the Sahara. 


- 3 to 5 January 1989 : HIS MAJESTY KING HASSAN II receives, in Marrakesh, Bachir Mustapha Sayed, Mahfoud Ali Beida and Bachir Ghali, representatives of the Polisario Front. 


- June, 1990 : First meeting of Chioukhs in Geneva, within the framework of the Identification Commission of the people who will be allowed to vote. During that meeting, the 1974 census list, made by the spanish, was read. The moroccan delegation notified that this list should not be considered as the principal document. 


- 18 June 1990 : The United Nationsí secretary general presents his report (S/21360) to the Security Council, including the integral text of the settlment propositions as they were agreed upon by the two parties. 


- 27 June 1990 : The Security Council adopts the 658 resolution (1990), which approves the integral text of the settlment propositions as well as the secretary generalís plan to set up those propositions. 


- 19 April 1991 : The secretary general presents the (S/22464) report, concerning the action plan, according to the Security Council request specified in the 621 resolution (1988). 


- 29 April 1991 : The Security Council adopts the 690 resolution (1991), which approves the constitution, under its authority, of the “MINURSO”. It is mainly composed of three components : A civil unit, a security unit and a military unit. 


- 8 November 1991 : Publishing of the text called “General settlment for the organization and the taking place of the referendum in the Sahara”


- End 1991 : The United Nationsí secretary general informs the Security Council that dates previously established for the peace process in the Sahara can not be respected, because of the divergence in interpretations of the plan application modalities. 


- 19 December 1991 : The United Nationsí secretary general presents his report (S/23299), concerning the developments at the level of the preparations for the referendum in the Sahara. 


- 29 December 1991 : The Security Council adopts the resolution 725 (1991), approving hence the report (S/23299). 


- 15 January 1992 : The United Nationsí secretary general presents an “agreement text”, concerning the privileges and immunities of the “MINURSO”. 


- 28 February 1992 : The United Nationsí secretary general presents a new report to the Security Council (S/23662). 


- 29 May 1992 : The United Nationsí secretary general presents a report (S/24040) to the Security Council on the situation in the Sahara. 


- 21 August 1992 : The United Nationsí secretary general presents a report to the Security Council (S/24464)


- 14 October 1992 : The United Nationsí secretary general presents a factual report to the General Assembly of the United Nations Organization. 


- End of November, 1992 : Second meeting of Chioukhs in Geneva. 


- 20 January 1993 : The United Nationsí secretary general presents a report (S/25170) to the Security Council. 


- 2 March 1993 : The Security Council adopts Resolution 809 (1993) inviting the Secretary General and his Special Repesentative to intensify efforts to find a solution to diverging points of view which remain between both parties, especially those related to the interpretation and application of the criteria of eligibility to vote. 


- 27 March 1993 : Consultation between the Secretary Generalís Special Representative and the parties over a compromise on the interpretation of the criteria. 


- 5 May 1993 : M. ERIK JENSEN appointed at the head of the Indentification Commission. 


- 24 May 1993 : The Secretary General presents a temporary report to the Security Council. 


- 31 May to 4 June 1993 : The UN Secretary Generalís visit to the regions. 


- 7 June 1993 : Settling, on the territory, of the Identification Commission members. 


- 17 - 19 July 1993 : Breakdown of the talks , in Laayoune, between members of the “Special Council for the Sahara Affairs” and POLISARIO representatives, under the auspices of the Secretary Generalís Special Representative. 


- 28 July 1993 : The Secretary General presents a report (S/26186) to the Security Council. 


- 27 September 1993 : The Secretary Generalís Special Representative sends to the parties an explicative letter on the compromise suggested by the Secretary General concerning the interpretation and application of the criteria of eligibility to vote. 


- 7 October 1993 : The Secretary General presents a temporary report to the Security Council. 


- 26 October 1993 : Breakdown of a second meeting, in New York, between POLISARIO representatives and members of the “Consultative Council for the Sahara Affairs”. 


- 24 November 1993 : The Secretary General presents a report on Western Sahara (S/26797) to the Security Council. 


- 12 December 1993 : The Identification Commission starts the registration operation of Sahraouis eligible for the vote. 


- 10 March 1994 : The Secretary General presents the “three options” report on the situation in Western Sahara to the Security Council. 


- 24 March 1994 : The Security Council adopts Resolution 907 (1994) approving the Secretary Generalís Report (S/1994/283). 


- 3 June 1994 : Beginning of the census people originating from the South throughout the Kingdomís Provinces (Filling out the UNMRWS Registration forms.)


- 12 July 1994 : The Secretary General presents a report (S/1994/819) on the situation in the Sahara to the Security Council. 


- 28 August 1994 : The identification operation starts with the opening of two stations in Laayoune and Lahmada. 


- 10 October 1994 : The Secretary General presents a report to the General Assembly. 


- 5 November 1994 : The Secretary General presents Report (S/1994/1257) on the situation in the Sahara to the Security Council. 


- 2 and 5 November 1994 : Two additional identification stations opened in Boujdour and Tindouf. 


- 25-29 November 1994 : The UN Secretary Generalís visit to the region, to present to the parties the line of conduct during the census campaign. 


- 14 December 1994 : The Secretary General presents Report (S/1994/1420) to the Security Council. 


- 13 January 1995 : The Security Council adopts Resolution 973 (1995) approving Report (S/1994/1420). 


- 2-14 February 1995 : A HCR delegation tour in the area (Moroccan Sahara and Tindouf camps) to give the UN Secretary General a report on the refugees repatriation zones. 


- 14 February 1995 : Additional identification stations opened in Es-smara and in Tindouf. 


- 30 March 1995 : The UN Secretary General presents Report on the situation in “Western Sahara”(S/1995/240) to the Security Council (the census is postponed again). 


- 19 May 1995 : The Secretary General presents Report S/1995/404 to the Security Council. 


- 19 May 1995 : The Security Council adopts resolution 995 (195) approving Report S/1995/404. 


- 3 - 9 June 1995 : A Security Council mission visit to the region. 


- 21 June 1995 : The mission presents a report to the Security Council. 


- 23 June 1995 : The POLISARIO suspends the identification operation. 


- 30 June 1995 : The Security Council adopts Resolution 1002 (1995) to extend the MINURSO Mandate to 30 September 1995. 


- 12 July 1995 : The POLISARIO resumes the identification operation. 


- 3 August 1995 : The Minister of State for the Interior visits an identification station in Laayoune. 


- 8 September 1995 : The Secretary General presents Report (S/1995/779) to the Security Council. 


- 22 September 1995 : The Security Council adopts Resolution 1017 (1995) on the extension of the MINURSO mandate to 31 January 1996. 


- Early October 1995 : M. VAN KLOWET, a Dutchman, is appointed President of the Identification Commission. 


- 9 - 10 October 1995 : A Moroccan delegation, headed by the Minister of State for the Interior, goes to the UN headquaters in New York. 


- 10 October 1995 : The Secretary General presents a temporary report to the General Assembly. 


- 24 November 1995 : The Secretary General presents Report (S/1995/986) on the Sahara to the Security Council. 


- 11 - 12 December 1995 : The official visit in Rabat of M. Robert Pelletreau, Vice-Secretary for the Middle East and North Africa. 


- 19 December 1995 : The Security Council adopts Resolution 1033 (1995). 


- 2 - 4 January 1996 : Visit to Morocco of Ambassador CHINMAYA R. GHAREKHAN, UN Secretary General Assistant. 


- 19 January 1996 : The UN Secretary General presents Report (S/1996/43) to the Security Council. 


- 31 January 1996 : The Security Council adopts Resolution 1042 (1996). 


- 8 May 1996 : The UN Secretary General presents a report to the Security Council (S/1996/343) where he cancels the identification process and proposes to reduce 20 % of the Minurso members. 


- 29 May 1996 : The Security Council adopts resolution 1056 (1996)


- 17 Marsh 1997 : Mr. James Baker is appointed as the UN Secretary General's Special Envoy for the Sahara. 


23-24 April 1997 : Mr. Baker visits the region and holds separate discussions with the concerned parties and observing states. 


11-12 June 1997 : Preliminary contacts between the two parties and James Baker in London. 


23-24 June 1997 : First round of private contacts between Mr. James Baker and responsibles of the parties in Lisbon. This round is devoted to unsolved issues concerning identification process


19-20 July 1997 : Second round of private contacts between the parties and Mr. James Bakes in London to carry on the study of identification process. 


6-22 August 1997 : A technical delegation of the High Refugee Committee to the region to study the means and possibilities to give a boost to the refugees repatriation plan, set up in 1995


29-30 August 1997 : Thrid round of contacts between parties in Lisbon to study questions concerning the confinement of the troups of both parties and the liberation of war and political prisonners. 


14-17 September 1997 : Fourth round of contacts in Houston, where the parties have agreed upon the new wording of the "conduct code" that should govern the referendum campaign, along with a specification of the Special Envoy powers, be it during the transition period or throughout the referendum campaign. A compromise was also made concerning a given principles that will govern the resumption of the voters identification process. 

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